Bibhash Lodh, BS News Agency, Kolkata, December 23, 2025: Scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have discovered a new species of Collembola—tiny, soil-dwelling micro-arthropods—in the high-altitude landscapes of Sikkim. This landmark finding, published on December 1, 2025, underscores the Eastern Himalayas' status as a critical biodiversity hotspot and adds a new chapter to India's entomological records.
The newly identified species, named Neelus sikkimensis, is the first representative of the genus Neelus ever recorded in India. The discovery brings the global species count for this specific genus to eight.
Scientific Significance
The research was conducted by the ZSI’s Apterygota Section under the leadership of Dr. Guru Pada Mandal, alongside team member Shri Kusumendra Kumar Suman. Their findings were featured in the peer-reviewed Journal of the Entomological Research Society.
Neelus sikkimensis is characterized by several distinct biological features:
Microscopic Size: An extremely small body adapted for life deep within soil and moss.
Sensory Adaptation: A complete absence of eyes, typical of species living in dark, subterranean environments.
Unique Morphology: A specific "labral chaetotaxy" (arrangement of bristles on the mouthparts) that distinguishes it from its global relatives.
Ecological Importance
Collembola, commonly known as "springtails," are vital to the health of terrestrial ecosystems. Dr. Dhriti Banerjee, Director, ZSI emphasised their role in her congratulatory message to the team:
"Collembola plays a vital role in maintaining soil health by supporting organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling in the topsoil. The discovery of Neelus sikkimensis is a proud moment for Indian science, as it marks the first time this genus has been documented within our borders."
Commitment to Biodiversity
The discovery highlights the ongoing need for rigorous taxonomic research in India’s diverse climatic zones. "This finding enhances our understanding of the rich Collembola diversity in India," stated lead researcher Dr. Guru Pada Mandal. "It emphasises the need for continued research to document species diversity and to recognise their significant ecological contributions."
ZSI remains committed to the survey, documentation, and conservation of the nation’s fauna, providing the foundational knowledge necessary to protect India's natural heritage.